Smart home system with real-time hybrid notification framework

Abstract

Smart home systems are increasingly adopted for residential energy monitoring, automation, and access security; however, many implementations treat these functions separately, limiting operational coordination and timely user response. This study developed an ESP32-based prototype integrating environmental and electrical sensing, relay-based load control, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology authentication, token management, and two user communication channels. Blynk was configured for continuous monitoring and remote control, whereas WhatsApp conveyed event-specific security, overload, and token messages. The distinguishing contribution was not the use of either service alone, but their coordination with sensing, authentication, protection, and control within one operational workflow. Functional laboratory evaluation covered network initialization, sensor response, six load scenarios, RFID authorization states, token logic, and message delivery. Wi-Fi initialized within 2–5 s, WhatsApp messages were observed within 1–2 s, recorded line voltage ranged from 216 to 221 V, and the expected response occurred in all six scenarios, including protective disconnection above 3.5 A. The results establish the laboratory-scale feasibility of coordinated household monitoring, control, authentication, and event escalation, while field reliability, measurement accuracy, security, and interoperability require further validation.